—————————————————————
[root@server ~]# mkdir /root/test1 -v -m 1777
mkdir: created directory `/root/test1′
[root@server ~]# ls -lhd /root/test1
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4.0K Jul 29 01:42 /root/test1
[root@server ~]#
v = verbose, is not mandatory though
—————————————————————
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
USEFUL ONE-LINE SCRIPTS FOR SED (Unix stream editor) Dec. 29, 2005
Compiled by Eric Pement - pemente[at]northpark[dot]edu version 5.5
Latest version of this file (in English) is usually at:
http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line.txt
http://www.pement.org/sed/sed1line.txt
This file will also available in other languages:
Chinese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_zh-CN.html
Czech - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_cz.html
Dutch - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_nl.html
French - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_fr.html
German - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_de.html
Italian - (pending)
Portuguese - http://sed.sourceforge.net/sed1line_pt-BR.html
Spanish - (pending)
FILE SPACING:
# double space a file
sed G
# double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file
# should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text.
sed '/^$/d;G'
# triple space a file
sed 'G;G'
# undo double-spacing (assumes even-numbered lines are always blank)
sed 'n;d'
# insert a blank line above every line which matches "regex"
sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}'
# insert a blank line below every line which matches "regex"
sed '/regex/G'
# insert a blank line above and below every line which matches "regex"
sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}'
NUMBERING:
# number each line of a file (simple left alignment). Using a tab (see
# note on '\t' at end of file) instead of space will preserve margins.
sed = filename | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/'
# number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned)
sed = filename | sed 'N; s/^/ /; s/ *\(.\{6,\}\)\n/\1 /'
# number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank
sed '/./=' filename | sed '/./N; s/\n/ /'
# count lines (emulates "wc -l")
sed -n '$='
TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION:
# IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format.
sed 's/.$//' # assumes that all lines end with CR/LF
sed 's/^M$//' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V then Ctrl-M
sed 's/\x0D$//' # works on ssed, gsed 3.02.80 or higher
# IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format.
sed "s/$/`echo -e \\\r`/" # command line under ksh
sed 's/$'"/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under bash
sed "s/$/`echo \\\r`/" # command line under zsh
sed 's/$/\r/' # gsed 3.02.80 or higher
# IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format.
sed "s/$//" # method 1
sed -n p # method 2
# IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format.
# Can only be done with UnxUtils sed, version 4.0.7 or higher. The
# UnxUtils version can be identified by the custom "--text" switch
# which appears when you use the "--help" switch. Otherwise, changing
# DOS newlines to Unix newlines cannot be done with sed in a DOS
# environment. Use "tr" instead.
sed "s/\r//" infile >outfile # UnxUtils sed v4.0.7 or higher
tr -d \r <infile >outfile # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher
# delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line
# aligns all text flush left
sed 's/^[ \t]*//' # see note on '\t' at end of file
# delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line
sed 's/[ \t]*$//' # see note on '\t' at end of file
# delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line
sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//'
# insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset)
sed 's/^/ /'
# align all text flush right on a 79-column width
sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,78\}$/ &/;ta' # set at 78 plus 1 space
# center all text in the middle of 79-column width. In method 1,
# spaces at the beginning of the line are significant, and trailing
# spaces are appended at the end of the line. In method 2, spaces at
# the beginning of the line are discarded in centering the line, and
# no trailing spaces appear at the end of lines.
sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ & /;ta' # method 1
sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &/;ta' -e 's/\( *\)\1/\1/' # method 2
# substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line
sed 's/foo/bar/' # replaces only 1st instance in a line
sed 's/foo/bar/4' # replaces only 4th instance in a line
sed 's/foo/bar/g' # replaces ALL instances in a line
sed 's/\(.*\)foo\(.*foo\)/\1bar\2/' # replace the next-to-last case
sed 's/\(.*\)foo/\1bar/' # replace only the last case
# substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz"
sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g'
# substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz"
sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g'
# change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red"
sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g' # most seds
gsed 's/scarlet\|ruby\|puce/red/g' # GNU sed only
# reverse order of lines (emulates "tac")
# bug/feature in HHsed v1.5 causes blank lines to be deleted
sed '1!G;h;$!d' # method 1
sed -n '1!G;h;$p' # method 2
# reverse each character on the line (emulates "rev")
sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&\2\1/;//D;s/.//'
# join pairs of lines side-by-side (like "paste")
sed '$!N;s/\n/ /'
# if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it
sed -e :a -e '/\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta'
# if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line
# and replace the "=" with a single space
sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D'
# add commas to numeric strings, changing "1234567" to "1,234,567"
gsed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\>/,&/;ta' # GNU sed
sed -e :a -e 's/\(.*[0-9]\)\([0-9]\{3\}\)/\1,\2/;ta' # other seds
# add commas to numbers with decimal points and minus signs (GNU sed)
gsed -r ':a;s/(^|[^0-9.])([0-9]+)([0-9]{3})/\1\2,\3/g;ta'
# add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.)
gsed '0~5G' # GNU sed only
sed 'n;n;n;n;G;' # other seds
SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES:
# print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head")
sed 10q
# print first line of file (emulates "head -1")
sed q
# print the last 10 lines of a file (emulates "tail")
sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba'
# print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2")
sed '$!N;$!D'
# print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1")
sed '$!d' # method 1
sed -n '$p' # method 2
# print the next-to-the-last line of a file
sed -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print blank line
sed -e '1{$q;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print the line
sed -e '1{$d;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x # for 1-line files, print nothing
# print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep")
sed -n '/regexp/p' # method 1
sed '/regexp/!d' # method 2
# print only lines which do NOT match regexp (emulates "grep -v")
sed -n '/regexp/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above
sed '/regexp/d' # method 2, simpler syntax
# print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the line
# containing the regexp
sed -n '/regexp/{g;1!p;};h'
# print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the line
# containing the regexp
sed -n '/regexp/{n;p;}'
# print 1 line of context before and after regexp, with line number
# indicating where the regexp occurred (similar to "grep -A1 -B1")
sed -n -e '/regexp/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h
# grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order)
sed '/AAA/!d; /BBB/!d; /CCC/!d'
# grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order)
sed '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/!d'
# grep for AAA or BBB or CCC (emulates "egrep")
sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d # most seds
gsed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/!d' # GNU sed only
# print paragraph if it contains AAA (blank lines separate paragraphs)
# HHsed v1.5 must insert a 'G;' after 'x;' in the next 3 scripts below
sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;'
# print paragraph if it contains AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order)
sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;/BBB/!d;/CCC/!d'
# print paragraph if it contains AAA or BBB or CCC
sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d
gsed '/./{H;$!d;};x;/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d' # GNU sed only
# print only lines of 65 characters or longer
sed -n '/^.\{65\}/p'
# print only lines of less than 65 characters
sed -n '/^.\{65\}/!p' # method 1, corresponds to above
sed '/^.\{65\}/d' # method 2, simpler syntax
# print section of file from regular expression to end of file
sed -n '/regexp/,$p'
# print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive)
sed -n '8,12p' # method 1
sed '8,12!d' # method 2
# print line number 52
sed -n '52p' # method 1
sed '52!d' # method 2
sed '52q;d' # method 3, efficient on large files
# beginning at line 3, print every 7th line
gsed -n '3~7p' # GNU sed only
sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;n;n;}' # other seds
# print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive)
sed -n '/Iowa/,/Montana/p' # case sensitive
SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES:
# print all of file EXCEPT section between 2 regular expressions
sed '/Iowa/,/Montana/d'
# delete duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates "uniq").
# First line in a set of duplicate lines is kept, rest are deleted.
sed '$!N; /^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P; D'
# delete duplicate, nonconsecutive lines from a file. Beware not to
# overflow the buffer size of the hold space, or else use GNU sed.
sed -n 'G; s/\n/&&/; /^\([ -~]*\n\).*\n\1/d; s/\n//; h; P'
# delete all lines except duplicate lines (emulates "uniq -d").
sed '$!N; s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/; t; D'
# delete the first 10 lines of a file
sed '1,10d'
# delete the last line of a file
sed '$d'
# delete the last 2 lines of a file
sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d'
# delete the last 10 lines of a file
sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D' # method 1
sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba' # method 2
# delete every 8th line
gsed '0~8d' # GNU sed only
sed 'n;n;n;n;n;n;n;d;' # other seds
# delete lines matching pattern
sed '/pattern/d'
# delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ")
sed '/^$/d' # method 1
sed '/./!d' # method 2
# delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first; also
# deletes all blank lines from top and end of file (emulates "cat -s")
sed '/./,/^$/!d' # method 1, allows 0 blanks at top, 1 at EOF
sed '/^$/N;/\n$/D' # method 2, allows 1 blank at top, 0 at EOF
# delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first 2:
sed '/^$/N;/\n$/N;//D'
# delete all leading blank lines at top of file
sed '/./,$!d'
# delete all trailing blank lines at end of file
sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/{$d;N;ba' -e '}' # works on all seds
sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/N;/\n$/ba' # ditto, except for gsed 3.02.*
# delete the last line of each paragraph
sed -n '/^$/{p;h;};/./{x;/./p;}'
SPECIAL APPLICATIONS:
# remove nroff overstrikes (char, backspace) from man pages. The 'echo'
# command may need an -e switch if you use Unix System V or bash shell.
sed "s/.`echo \\\b`//g" # double quotes required for Unix environment
sed 's/.^H//g' # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V and then Ctrl-H
sed 's/.\x08//g' # hex expression for sed 1.5, GNU sed, ssed
# get Usenet/e-mail message header
sed '/^$/q' # deletes everything after first blank line
# get Usenet/e-mail message body
sed '1,/^$/d' # deletes everything up to first blank line
# get Subject header, but remove initial "Subject: " portion
sed '/^Subject: */!d; s///;q'
# get return address header
sed '/^Reply-To:/q; /^From:/h; /./d;g;q'
# parse out the address proper. Pulls out the e-mail address by itself
# from the 1-line return address header (see preceding script)
sed 's/ *(.*)//; s/>.*//; s/.*[:<] *//'
# add a leading angle bracket and space to each line (quote a message)
sed 's/^/> /'
# delete leading angle bracket & space from each line (unquote a message)
sed 's/^> //'
# remove most HTML tags (accommodates multiple-line tags)
sed -e :a -e 's/<[^>]*>//g;/</N;//ba'
# extract multi-part uuencoded binaries, removing extraneous header
# info, so that only the uuencoded portion remains. Files passed to
# sed must be passed in the proper order. Version 1 can be entered
# from the command line; version 2 can be made into an executable
# Unix shell script. (Modified from a script by Rahul Dhesi.)
sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' file1 file2 ... fileX | uudecode # vers. 1
sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' "$@" | uudecode # vers. 2
# sort paragraphs of file alphabetically. Paragraphs are separated by blank
# lines. GNU sed uses \v for vertical tab, or any unique char will do.
sed '/./{H;d;};x;s/\n/={NL}=/g' file | sort | sed '1s/={NL}=//;s/={NL}=/\n/g'
gsed '/./{H;d};x;y/\n/\v/' file | sort | sed '1s/\v//;y/\v/\n/'
# zip up each .TXT file individually, deleting the source file and
# setting the name of each .ZIP file to the basename of the .TXT file
# (under DOS: the "dir /b" switch returns bare filenames in all caps).
echo @echo off >zipup.bat
dir /b *.txt | sed "s/^\(.*\)\.TXT/pkzip -mo \1 \1.TXT/" >>zipup.bat
TYPICAL USE: Sed takes one or more editing commands and applies all of
them, in sequence, to each line of input. After all the commands have
been applied to the first input line, that line is output and a second
input line is taken for processing, and the cycle repeats. The
preceding examples assume that input comes from the standard input
device (i.e, the console, normally this will be piped input). One or
more filenames can be appended to the command line if the input does
not come from stdin. Output is sent to stdout (the screen). Thus:
cat filename | sed '10q' # uses piped input
sed '10q' filename # same effect, avoids a useless "cat"
sed '10q' filename > newfile # redirects output to disk
For additional syntax instructions, including the way to apply editing
commands from a disk file instead of the command line, consult "sed &
awk, 2nd Edition," by Dale Dougherty and Arnold Robbins (O'Reilly,
1997; http://www.ora.com), "UNIX Text Processing," by Dale Dougherty
and Tim O'Reilly (Hayden Books, 1987) or the tutorials by Mike Arst
distributed in U-SEDIT2.ZIP (many sites). To fully exploit the power
of sed, one must understand "regular expressions." For this, see
"Mastering Regular Expressions" by Jeffrey Friedl (O'Reilly, 1997).
The manual ("man") pages on Unix systems may be helpful (try "man
sed", "man regexp", or the subsection on regular expressions in "man
ed"), but man pages are notoriously difficult. They are not written to
teach sed use or regexps to first-time users, but as a reference text
for those already acquainted with these tools.
QUOTING SYNTAX: The preceding examples use single quotes ('...')
instead of double quotes ("...") to enclose editing commands, since
sed is typically used on a Unix platform. Single quotes prevent the
Unix shell from intrepreting the dollar sign ($) and backquotes
(`...`), which are expanded by the shell if they are enclosed in
double quotes. Users of the "csh" shell and derivatives will also need
to quote the exclamation mark (!) with the backslash (i.e., \!) to
properly run the examples listed above, even within single quotes.
Versions of sed written for DOS invariably require double quotes
("...") instead of single quotes to enclose editing commands.
USE OF '\t' IN SED SCRIPTS: For clarity in documentation, we have used
the expression '\t' to indicate a tab character (0x09) in the scripts.
However, most versions of sed do not recognize the '\t' abbreviation,
so when typing these scripts from the command line, you should press
the TAB key instead. '\t' is supported as a regular expression
metacharacter in awk, perl, and HHsed, sedmod, and GNU sed v3.02.80.
VERSIONS OF SED: Versions of sed do differ, and some slight syntax
variation is to be expected. In particular, most do not support the
use of labels (:name) or branch instructions (b,t) within editing
commands, except at the end of those commands. We have used the syntax
which will be portable to most users of sed, even though the popular
GNU versions of sed allow a more succinct syntax. When the reader sees
a fairly long command such as this:
sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d
it is heartening to know that GNU sed will let you reduce it to:
sed '/AAA/b;/BBB/b;/CCC/b;d' # or even
sed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d'
In addition, remember that while many versions of sed accept a command
like "/one/ s/RE1/RE2/", some do NOT allow "/one/! s/RE1/RE2/", which
contains space before the 's'. Omit the space when typing the command.
OPTIMIZING FOR SPEED: If execution speed needs to be increased (due to
large input files or slow processors or hard disks), substitution will
be executed more quickly if the "find" expression is specified before
giving the "s/.../.../" instruction. Thus:
sed 's/foo/bar/g' filename # standard replace command
sed '/foo/ s/foo/bar/g' filename # executes more quickly
sed '/foo/ s//bar/g' filename # shorthand sed syntax
On line selection or deletion in which you only need to output lines
from the first part of the file, a "quit" command (q) in the script
will drastically reduce processing time for large files. Thus:
sed -n '45,50p' filename # print line nos. 45-50 of a file
sed -n '51q;45,50p' filename # same, but executes much faster
If you have any additional scripts to contribute or if you find errors
in this document, please send e-mail to the compiler. Indicate the
version of sed you used, the operating system it was compiled for, and
the nature of the problem. To qualify as a one-liner, the command line
must be 65 characters or less. Various scripts in this file have been
written or contributed by:
Al Aab # founder of "seders" list
Edgar Allen # various
Yiorgos Adamopoulos # various
Dale Dougherty # author of "sed & awk"
Carlos Duarte # author of "do it with sed"
Eric Pement # author of this document
Ken Pizzini # author of GNU sed v3.02
S.G. Ravenhall # great de-html script
Greg Ubben # many contributions & much help
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Daily mysql backup with 7 days retention period.
root@server1 [~]# cat /scripts/mbak.sh
#!/bin/bash
Time=`date “+%Y.%m.%d-%A”`
baksrc=/var/lib/mysql
bakdst=/backup/mysqlbackup
dumpdb=/usr/bin/mysqldump
yum -y dialog nmap ncurses
mkdir -p $bakdst/$Time
{ for I in 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 ; do
echo $I
sleep 1
done
echo; } | dialog –gauge ” Starting to backup all databases ” 6 70 0
ls -lhd $baksrc/*_* | awk {‘print $9}’ | cut -d/ -f5 | grep -v ib_* > /root/mysqldd-list
for db in `cat /root/mysqldd-list` ;
do
{ for I in 10 50 100 ; do
echo $I
sleep 1
done
echo; } | dialog –gauge ” Creating backup of $db ” 6 70 0
$dumpdb $db > $bakdst/$Time/$db.sql 2> $bakdst/$Time/error.log
{ for I in 10 50 100 ; do
echo $I
sleep 1
done
echo; } | dialog –gauge ” Database : $db backup completed ” 6 70 0
echo ” …………….. $db backed up on `date “+%Y.%m.%d.%T-%A”` …………………………
$dumpdb mysql > $bakdst/$Time/mysql.sql 2> $bakdst/$Time/error.log
echo ” All Databases backup up successfully to folder $bakdst/$Time/ ”
echo ” Check for any errors at : $bakdst/$Time/error.log ”
wall ” All Databases backup up successfully to folder $bakdst/$Time/ ”
wall ” Check for any errors at : $bakdst/$Time/error.log or the database backup ”
echo ” removing older backups”
sleep 2
echo ” hold on, let me work for 3 to 10 mins”
/usr/bin/find $bakdst -type d -maxdepth 1 -mtime +7 -exec rm -fr {} \;
echo ” …………….. Finishing up the entire process ”
sleep 3
echo ” …………….. Successfully Done ……………………….”
wall ” ***** Note Again **** Check for any errors at : $bakdst/$Time/error.log or the database backup ”
exit 0
root@server1 [~]#
List all mysql databases on server
##############################
root@server1 [~]# mysql -bse “show databases”
up2date erased bind and bind-devel rpm and/ maybe also, removed user/group named
Note:- This was an issue on cpanel server, but same solution should work on other systems. ( on non cpanel systems, use up2date -i , instead of /scripts/ensurerpm
Logs:-
###############
ul 9 01:18:46 server userhelper[18586]: running ‘/usr/sbin/up2date –nox -i bind bind-devel bind-libs bind-utils bzip2 crontabs expect freetype freetype-devel gcc gcc-c++ gd gd-devel gd-progs gd-utils glibc-devel gnupg libgcc libgd1 libgd1-devel libmysqlclient10-dev libxml libxml-devel libstdc++ libstdc++-devel which lsof sysstat libxml2 libxml2-devel gamin gamin-devel lynx openssh openssh-clients openssh-server openssl openssl-devel openssl-misc perl-CPAN sharutils ucd-snmp ucd-snmp-devel ucd-snmp-utils wget XFree86-devel XFree86-libs vixie-cron’ with root privileges on behalf of ‘root’
Jul 9 01:19:14 server userdel[18593]: delete user `named’
Jul 9 01:19:14 server userdel[18593]: remove group `named’
The problem is similar: http://bugs.centos.org/print_bug_page.php?bug_id=2247
Reason:-
============
some binaries like dig,host,cpio etc have immutable attributes
Solution:-
###########
quick solution:-
========================
[root@server var]# cp /etc/named.conf /root/
[root@server var]# cp -apfr /var/named/ /root/
[root@server var]# /scripts/ensurerpm bind-*
Full steps I used to fix
======================
[root@server var]# cp /etc/named.conf /root/
[root@server var]# cp -apfr /var/named/ /root/
[root@server var]# /scripts/ensurerpm bind-*
Fetching Obsoletes list for channel: rhel-i386-es-4…
Fetching rpm headers…
########################################
Name Version Rel
———————————————————-
bind-chroot 9.2.4 28.0.1.el4 i386
bind-devel 9.2.4 28.0.1.el4 i386
bind-utils 9.2.4 28.0.1.el4 i386
Testing package set / solving RPM inter-dependencies…
########################################
bind-chroot-9.2.4-28.0.1.el ########################## Done.
bind-devel-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4 ########################## Done.
bind-utils-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4 ########################## Done.
bind-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4.i386. ########################## Done.
Preparing ########################################### [100%]
Installing…
1:bind-utils ########################################### [100%]
error: unpacking of archive failed on file /usr/bin/dig: cpio: rename
There was a fatal RPM install error. The message was:
There was a rpm unpack error installing the package: bind-utils-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4
Need to create rndc.conf
Creating rndc.conf
Creating /etc/rndc.key …
Adding controls clause …
[root@server var]# service named restart
Stopping named: [FAILED]
Starting named: /usr/sbin/named: symbol lookup error: /usr/sbin/named: undefined symbol: dns_dispatch_hash
[FAILED]
[root@server var]# rpm -e bind-chroot
error: package bind-chroot is not installed
[root@server var]# cd /var/named/
[root@server var]# rpm -qa | grep bind
bind-libs-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4
ypbind-1.17.2-13
[root@server var]# /scripts/ensurerpm bind
Fetching Obsoletes list for channel: rhel-i386-es-4…
Fetching rpm headers…
########################################
Name Version Rel
———————————————————-
bind 9.2.4 28.0.1.el4 i386
Testing package set / solving RPM inter-dependencies…
########################################
bind-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4.i386. ########################## Done.
bind-utils-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4 ########################## Done.
Preparing ########################################### [100%]
Installing…
1:bind-utils ########################################### [100%]
error: unpacking of archive failed on file /usr/bin/dig: cpio: rename
There was a fatal RPM install error. The message was:
There was a rpm unpack error installing the package: bind-utils-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4
[root@server var]# cd
[root@server var]# lsattr /usr/bin/dig
—-i——– /usr/bin/dig
[root@server var]# cd /usr/bin/
[root@server bin]# chattr -ai *
[root@server bin]# cd /usr/sbin/
[root@server sbin]# chattr -ai *
[root@server sbin]# cd /bin/
[root@server bin]# chattr -ai *
[root@server bin]# chattr -ai *
[root@server bin]# /scripts/ensurerpm bind bind-devel
Fetching Obsoletes list for channel: rhel-i386-es-4…
Fetching rpm headers…
########################################
Name Version Rel
———————————————————-
bind 9.2.4 28.0.1.el4 i386
bind-devel 9.2.4 28.0.1.el4 i386
Testing package set / solving RPM inter-dependencies…
########################################
bind-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4.i386. ########################## Done.
bind-devel-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4 ########################## Done.
bind-utils-9.2.4-28.0.1.el4 ########################## Done.
Preparing ########################################### [100%]
Installing…
1:bind-utils ########################################### [100%]
2:bind warning: /etc/logrotate.d/named created as /etc/logrotate.d/named.rpmnew
warning: /etc/rc.d/init.d/named saved as /etc/rc.d/init.d/named.rpmorig
warning: /etc/rndc.conf created as /etc/rndc.conf.rpmnew
warning: /etc/rndc.key created as /etc/rndc.key.rpmnew
warning: /etc/sysconfig/named created as /etc/sysconfig/named.rpmnew
########################################### [100%]
3:bind-devel ########################################### [100%]
The following packages were added to your selection to satisfy dependencies:
Name Version Release
————————————————————–
bind-utils 9.2.4 28.0.1.el4
[root@server bin]# service named restart
Stopping named: [ OK ]
Starting named: [ OK ]
[root@server bin]#
To prevent from auto-update, add “bind*” in /etc/sysconfig/rhn/up2date
[root@ns2 ~]# grep bind /etc/sysconfig/rhn/up2date
pkgSkipList= bind*;courier*;spamassassin*;httpd*;perl;mysql*;php*;mod_ssl*;kernel*;exim*;proftpd*;pure-ftpd*;squirrelmail*;dovecot*;nsd*;
[root@ns2 ~]#
How do I make the system perform a filesystem check after a certain number of mounts?
If the system is fairly reliable, it is safe to increase the maximum mount count. However, you should strongly consider the implications. Bad disk drives, cables, memory and kernel bugs can all corrupt a filesystem without marking the filesystem dirty or have it error out. A filesystem error detected by the kernel will force an fsck on the next reboot, but by that time, it may already be too late to prevent data loss.
With these in mind, here are the instructions to performing filesystem checks after a certain number of mounts. To adjust the maximum mount count, the filesystem should be unmounted before using tune2fs .
The example below will check the filesystem or partition after 50 mounts or 2 months, whichever comes first. You need to type in this command in a root shell:
tune2fs -c 50 -i 2m /dev/hda1
root@server61 [/etc/pam.d]# tune2fs -c 300 -i 11m /dev/sda8
tune2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Setting maximal mount count to 300
Setting interval between check 28512000 seconds
root@server61 [/etc/pam.d]# tune2fs -c 300 -i 11m /dev/sda2
tune2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Setting maximal mount count to 300
Setting interval between check 28512000 seconds
root@server61 [/etc/pam.d]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 250.8 GB, 250808893440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30492 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 65 522081 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 66 2023 15727635 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2024 3720 13631152+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 3721 30492 215046090 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 3721 4112 3148708+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 4113 4373 2096451 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 4374 4634 2096451 82 Linux swap
/dev/sda8 4635 30492 207704353+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 250.8 GB, 250808893440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30492 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 1 30492 244926958+ 83 Linux
root@server61 [/etc/pam.d]# mkdir /backup
root@server61 [/etc/pam.d]# mount /dev/sdb1 /backup
tune2fs disable disk check
##############################
root@server61 [/etc/pam.d]# tune2fs -i 0 /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Setting interval between check 0 seconds
root@server61 [/etc/pam.d]#
Linux Systems and Network Administration 